Understanding Trigeminal Neuralgia: Facial Pain That Can Be Very Disturbing

By: dr. Moch Dwikoryanto, Sp.BS, FINPS, FINSS

What Is Trigeminal Neuralgia?

Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic pain condition that occurs due to damage to the trigeminal nerve, the main nerve responsible for transmitting sensations from the face to the brain. This nerve also plays a role in motor functions such as chewing and biting.

The pain is usually sharp, like an electric shock, and can be triggered by minor activities such as talking, eating, brushing your teeth, or even a light touch to the face.

Most cases of trigeminal neuralgia affect only one side of the face. However, in very rare cases, both sides of the face can be affected, either simultaneously or alternately.

Causes of Trigeminal Neuralgia

The most common cause of trigeminal neuralgia is pressure on the trigeminal nerve by blood vessels surrounding the brain. This pressure can disrupt the nerve's normal function and trigger recurring pain.

In addition, this condition can also be triggered by:

• Aging
• Nerve injuries
• Tumors (rare cases)
• Certain neurological diseases

Symptoms to Watch Out For

Some typical signs of trigeminal neuralgia include:

• Sudden, intense facial pain
• An electric shock or stabbing sensation
• Pain that lasts a few seconds to minutes, but may recur
• Triggered by mild activity (eating, talking, washing the face)
• Usually occurs on one side of the face

If not properly treated, this pain can become more frequent and disrupt quality of life.

Trigeminal Neuralgia Treatment

Initial treatment usually involves medication to control pain. However, in some cases, medication is no longer effective or causes side effects.

In these circumstances, further medical interventions may be an option, one of which is Microvascular Decompression (MVD).

Definitive Solution: Microvascular Decompression (MVD)

Microvascular Decompression (MVD) is a neurosurgical procedure that aims to address the underlying cause of trigeminal neuralgia, which is pressure on the trigeminal nerve by blood vessels.

In this procedure, the doctor will:

• Identifying blood vessels that are pressing on the nerve
• Moving or cushioning the nerve to relieve pressure

MVD advantages:

• Addresses the root cause, not just the symptoms
• High success rate
• Can provide long-term improvement

When to Consider MVD?

MVD is usually recommended if:

• Pain is no longer controlled with medication
• Medication side effects are bothersome
• Pain is becoming more frequent or severe

Conclusion

Trigeminal neuralgia is more than just facial pain. This condition can significantly disrupt daily activities and quality of life for those who suffer from it. Recognizing symptoms early and seeking appropriate treatment is crucial. If drug therapy is no longer effective, procedures such as MVD can be a solution that offers hope for a pain-free life.
 

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